A ciência e seu método, o método científico, são o maior exemplo da capacidade cognitiva e da adaptabilidade do ser humano em contornar os desafios impostos pela natureza e por nós mesmos a nossa sobrevivência.
Pautado no método científico, fomos capazes de resolver os mais intrincados desafios a existência humana. Através dele, produzimos vacinas e medicações às mais complexas patologias. Criamos estruturas de engenharia que desafiam a lógica, conectando os seres humanos através dos mares, por cima deles ou por dentro deles. Aprendemos a voar e a flutuar, para então, em pouco menos de 5 décadas, pormos nossas pegadas na Lua e enviamos robôs autônomos a Marte. Criamos máquinas muito melhores na execução de cálculos numéricos que nossos próprios cérebros, decidimos então que gostaríamos de conectá-las, primeiro por cabos, depois sem cabo algum, e criamos uma forma de propagar informação pelo ar.
Não há dúvida que a ciência é a maior expressão da capacidade humana de se adaptar, de melhorar, de evoluir. Ainda assim, a ciência recente tem falhado sistematicamente na correção de desafios menos complexos que os expostos nos parágrafos anteriores. Este é o caso, por exemplo, da minoritária presença do gênero feminino nos certames da carreira científica. Essas desigualdades são mais facilmente identificadas e estatisticamente comprovadas em nichos acadêmicos específicos.
Ainda hoje, resultado de equivocadas percepções sociais, as Ciências Exatas, da Terra e as Engenharias permanecem como áreas dominadas pelo gênero masculino. Segundo os dados curriculares da plataforma Lattes, cerca de 70% dos doutores em Engenharia e 60% dos doutores em Ciências Exatas e da Terra são homens, independente de suas faixas etárias, Figura 1.
Figura 1 – Distribuição por gênero e idades em diferentes áreas do conhecimento científico. Ainda hoje, as Ciências Exatas, da Terra e as Engenharias permanecem como áreas dominadas pelo gênero masculino. Fonte: WP BlogNão há nenhuma pré-disposição genética ou rearranjo cerebral nas cabeças de meninos e meninas, que fazem dos primeiros, melhores que os segundos, quanto a capacidade de compreensão de problemas matemáticos. Pelo contrário, do ponto de vista estatístico, durante sua formação no ensino fundamental, as meninas têm as melhores notas nas disciplinas relativas às ciências exatas do que os meninos. Ainda assim, as chances de seguirem uma carreira em subdomínios associados a ciências exatas é muito menor.
Em 2015, o Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) revelou que meninas se enxergavam mais em profissões ligadas à saúde (74%), enquanto os meninos se viam mais nas áreas de engenharias (48%). Esses números refletem uma característica social, muito mal fundamentada. Meninas são motivadas a seguir carreiras em áreas do cuidado, enquanto meninos são estimulados a desenvolverem seu lado criativo.
A constante representação masculina dificulta ainda mais a identificação das mulheres nestas áreas. Assim, a Solved, como uma empresa que atua basicamente nas áreas das Ciências Exatas, da Terra e da Computação Aplicada, presta homenagem a uma lista de mulheres, inspiradoras, cientistas e professoras, que de maneira direta ou indiretamente, através de suas contribuições científicas e exemplos de vida, pavimentaram os caminhos trilhados por todos nós, nesta, e em outras empresas e laboratórios Brasil a fora. Com gratidão e admiração a Solved homenageia estas 12 cientistas por suas trajetórias inspiradoras no mundo das geociências, do sensoriamento remoto, da computação aplicada e de áreas afins:
Além de expressar nossa gratidão e admiração, esperamos que esta homenagem feita sob a forma de representação artística de cada uma destas pesquisadoras, contribua com exemplos práticos do quanto necessária é a participação das mulheres nas ciências. Sejam nas Ciências Exatas, da Terra, da Computação ou de quaisquer outras áreas. Nenhum costume, cultura ou convenção social, pode definir quais sonhos podem ser sonhados por mulheres ou por homens. Lugar de mulher é onde estas quiserem.
Assinam as representações artísticas, todas elas, o ilustrador Paulo Victor (@ilustramagno). Paulo Victor além de desenhista profissional é oceanógrafo de formação, tendo sido aluno de graduação e de iniciação científica de Odete Machado. A professora Odete Fátima Machado da Silveira faleceu em 1 de junho de 2013, assim endereçamos esta homenagem a seus familiares.
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